Textile constants and calculations - important
FIBRE FINENESS, YARN COUNTS AND
CONVERSIONS:
Micronaire
value(cotton) :
The
unit is micrograms per inch. The average weight of one inch length of
fibre, expressed in micrograms(0.000001 gram).
Denier(man-made
fibres): Weight in grams per 9000 meters of fibre.
Micron:(wool):
Fineness is expressed as fibre diameter in microns(0.001mm)
Conversions:
·
Denier
= 0.354 x Micronaire value
·
Micronaire
value = 2.824 x Denier
YARN
COUNTS:
It
is broadly classified into 1. DIRECT and 2.INDIRECT system.
DIRECT
SYSTEM:
·
English
count (Ne)
·
French
count(Nf)
·
Metric
count(Nm)
·
Worsted
count
·
Metric
system:
Metric count(Nm) indicates the number of 1 kilometer(1000 meter) lengths per
Kg.
Nm
= length in Km / weight in kg (or)
Nm
= length meter / weight in grams
INDIRECT
SYSTEM:
·
Tex
count
·
Denier
CONVERSION
TABLE FOR YARN COUNTS:
tex
|
Ne
|
den
|
Nm
|
grains/yd
|
|
tex
|
den/9
|
1000/Nm
|
gr.yd x 70.86
|
||
Ne
|
590.54/tex
|
5314.9/den
|
Nm x .5905
|
8.33 / gr/yd
|
|
den
|
tex x 9
|
9000/Nm
|
gr/yd x 637.7
|
||
Nm
|
1000/tex
|
9000/den
|
14.1 / gr/yd
|
||
grains/yd
|
tex / 70.86
|
den / 637.7
|
14.1/Nm
|
Where,
Nm - metric count, Nec - cottoncount
CONVERSION
TABLE FOR WEIGHTS:
ounce
|
grains
|
grams
|
kilograms
|
pounds
|
|
ounce
|
437.5 grains
|
28.350 grams
|
|||
grains
|
0.03527 ounces
|
0.0648 grams
|
|||
grams
|
0.03527 grains
|
15.432 grains
|
0.001 kgs
|
||
kilograms
|
35.274 ounces
|
15432 grains
|
1000 grams
|
2.2046 pounds
|
|
pounds
|
16.0 ounces
|
7000 grains
|
453.59 grams
|
0.4536 kgs
|
CONVERSION
TABLE FOR LINEAR MEASURES:
yard
|
feet
|
inches
|
centimeter
|
meter
|
|
yard
|
3 feet
|
36 inches
|
91.44 cms
|
0.9144 meter
|
|
feet
|
0.3333 yards
|
12 inches
|
30.48 cms
|
0.3048 meter
|
|
inches
|
0.0278 yards
|
0.0833 feet
|
2.54 cms
|
0.254 meter
|
|
centimeter
|
0.0109 yards
|
0.0328 feet
|
0.3937 inches
|
0.01meter
|
|
meter
|
1.0936 yards
|
3.281 feet
|
39.37 inches
|
100 cms
|
CALCULATIONS:
·
grams
per meter = 0.5905 / Ne
·
grams
per yard = 0.54 / Ne
·
tex
= den x .11 = 1000/Nm = Mic/25.4
·
Ne
= Nm/1.693
·
DRAFT
= (feed weight in g/m) / (delivery weight in g/m)
·
DRAFT
= Tex (feed) / Tex(delivery)
·
DRAFT
= delivery roll surface speed / feed roll surface speed
·
No
of hanks delivered by m/c = (Length delivered in m/min) / 1.605
·
CARDING:
(1).
P =( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)
P
- production in kgs / hr
L
- delivery speed in m/min
effy-
efficiency
Ne
- English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound)
840
- constant
2.2045-
to convert from lbs to kilograms
(2).production
in kgs / hr = (L x Ktex x 60 x
effy) / ( 1000)
L
- delivery speed in m/min
Ktex-
sliver count in Ktex (kilotex)
effy
- efficiency
1000-
to convert to kilograms from grams
(3).
production in kgs / 8 hrs = (0.2836 x L x effy) / (Ne)
L
- delivery speed in m/min
effy
- efficiency
Ne
- English count
(4).prodn
/ 8 hrs = (Hank x Nd) /( Ne x 2.2045)
Hank
= no of hank (840 yards)delivered by the machine
Nd
= no of deliveries
Ne
= hank of the material
(4).Total
draft in card = (feed weight in g/m) / (sliver weight in g/m)
DRAWFRAME:
(1.)Break
draft = surface speed of 2nd roller / surface speed of back roller
(2).Main
draft = surface speed of 1st roller / surface speed of 2nd( middle) roller
(3).Total
draft = surface speed of delivery roller / surface of feed roller
(4).production
in kgs / 8 hrs = (0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)
L
- delivery speed in m/min
effy
- efficiency
Ne
- english count
Nd
- No of delvieries
(5.).prodn
in kgs / hr = (FRD x FRrpm x 3.14 x 60 x effy x Nd) /
(Ne x 840 x 36 x 2.2045)
FRD
- front roller dia in inches
FRrpm
- front roller rpm
effy
- efficiency
Ne
- Sliver hank
Nd
- number of deliveries
SPEEDFRAME
+ RINGFRAME
(1).Twist
/ Inch (TPI) = Spindle speed / FRS
FRS
- front roller surface speed in inches/min
(2).FRS
= FRrpm x 3.14 x FRD
FRS
- Front roller surface speed
FRD
- front roller diameter
(3).T.P.I
= T.M. x sqrt(count or hank)
T.M.
- Twist multiplier
sqrt
- square root
(4).prodn
in kgs / 8 hrs = (7.2 x SS x effy) / (TPI x Ne x 1000)
SS
- spindle speed
(5).Spindle
speed = m/min x TPI x 39.37
(6).hank
delivered = spindle speed / ( tpi x 62.89)
(7).Ring
traveller speed in m/sec =( spindle speed x ring dia in mm x 3.14) / (60 x
1000)
WINDING:
(1).
production in kgs / 8 hrs = (0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)
L
- delivery speed in m/min
effy
- efficiency
Ne
- english count
Nd
- No of delvieries
(2).
P =( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)
P
- production in kgs / hr
L
- delivery speed in m/min
effy-
efficiency
Ne
- English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound)
840
- constant
2.2045-
to convert from lbs to kilograms
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