Draw Frame Basics for spinning Technicians

Draw frame Functions

Draw Frame  Basics for spinning Technicians

Drawing is the operation by which slivers are blended, doubled and leveled. In short staple spinning the term is only applied to the process at a draw frame. In drawing slivers are elongated when passing through a group of pair rollers, each pair is moving faster than previous one. This permits combing, drawing and elongating of several slivers to make them strong and uniform.In most modern worsted drawing sets there are 3 passages of pin drafting and roving process.
Objects of drawing:
To straighten the crimped, curled and hooked fibers.
To make the fiber parallel to their neighbors.
To improve uniformity of fibers by drafting and doubling.
To reduce weight per length unit of sliver.
To remove dust from slivers.
To blend raw material of same hank perfectly.

TASKS OF DRAWFRAME
1. Through doubling the slivers are made even
2. doubling results in homogenization(blending)
3. through draft fibres get parallelised
4. hooks created in the card are straightened
5. through the suction ,intensive dust removal is achieved
6. autoleveller maintains absolute sliver fineness
·  Quality of the drawframe sliver determines the yarn quality.
·  Drawing is the final process of quality improvement in the spinning mill
·  Drafting is the process of elongating a strand of fibres, with the intention of orienting the fibres in the direction of the strand and reducing its linear density.In a roller drafting system, the strand is passed throgh a series of sets of rollers, each successive set rotating at a surface velocity greater than that of the previous set.
·  During drafting, the fibres must be moved relative to each other as uniformly as possible by overcoming the the cohesive friction. Uniformity implies in this context that all fibres are controllably rearranged with a shift relative to each other equal to the degree of draft.
·  In drawframe, the rollers are so rotated that their peripheral speed in the throughflow direction increases from roller pair to roller pair, then the drawing part of the fibres, i.e.the draft, takes place. Draft is defined as the ratio of the delivered length to the feed length or the ratio of the corresponding peripheral speeds.
·  Drawing apart of the fibres is effected by fibres being carried along with the roller surfaces. For this to occur, the fibres must move with the peripheral speed of hte rollers. This transfer of the roller speed to the fibres represents one of the problems of drafting operation. The transfer can be effected only by friction, but the fibre strand is fairly thick and only its outer layers have contact with the rollers, and furthermore various, non-constant forces act on the fibres.
·  Roller drafting adds irregularities in the strand.Lamb states that,though an irregularity causing mechanism does exist in drafting, drafting also actually reduced the strand irregularities by breaking down the fibre groups.
Drafting is accompanied by doubling on the drawframe, this offsets the added irregularity.
Variance(sliver out) = Variance(sliver in) + Variance(added by m/c)
In Statistics , Variance is the square of standard deviation
·  Two passages of drawing with eight ends creeled each time would produce a single sliver consisting of 64 ribbons of fibre in close contact with each other.In the ultimate product, each ribbon may be only a few fibres thick,and thus the materials of the input slivers are dispersed by the drawing process. The term doubling is also used to describe this aspect of drawing .

Drafting arrangement is the heart of the drawframe. The drafting arrangement should be
1. simple
2. stable design with smooth running of rollers
3. able to run at higher speeds and produce high quality product
4. flexible i.e suitable to process different materials , fibre lenths and sliver hanks
5. able to have good fibre control
6. easy to adjust

Roller drafting causes irregularities in the drafted strand since there is incomplete control of the motion
of each individual fibre or fibre group.The uniformity of the drafted strand is determined by
1. draft ratio
2. roller settings
3. material characteristics
4. pressure exerted by the top roller
5. hardness of top roller
6. fluting of the bottom rollers
7. distribution of draft between the various drafting stages
·  drafting is affected by the following rawmaterial factors
1. no of fibres in the cross section
2. fibre fineness
3. degree of parellelisation of the fibres
4. compactness of the fibre strand
5. fibre cohesion which depends on
1. surface structure
2. crimp
3. lubrication
4. compression of the strand
5. fibre length
6. twist in the fibre
7. distribution of fibre length

3-over-3 roller drafting arrangements with pressure bar is widely used in the modern drawframes Bigger front rollers are stable and operated at lower speeds of revolution, this necessitated pressure bar arrangement for better control of fibres. Some drawframes are with 4-over-3 drafting arrangement, but strictly speaking it behaves like a 3-over-3 drafting system except for the fact that fourth roller helps to guide the sliver directly into the delivery trumpet.

DRAFTING WAVE:
Floating fibres are subject to two sets of forces acting in opposite directions. The more number of fibres which are moving slowly because of the contact with the back rollers restrain the floating fibres from accelerating.
The long fibres in contact with the front rollers tend to accelerate the floating fibres to the higher speed. As the floating fibres move away from the back roller, the restraining force by back roller held fibres reduces, and the front roller influence increases. At some balance point, a fibre accelerates suddenly from low to high speed. This balance point is compounded by the laws of friction, static friction being higher than dynamic friction.When one
floating fibre accelerates, the neighbouring shor fibres suddenly feel one more element tending to  accelrate them and one fewer trying to restrain them. Thus there may be an avalanche effect which results  in drafting wave.



Importance or Necessity of draw frame in yarn production
To parallelization of fiber and blending the carded sliver, draw frame is needed.
In carded sliver, fibers are present in hook form i.e. trailing hooks and leading hooks. To parallel these hooks raw frame is used.
Majority of the fiber hooks in a carded sliver are trailing hooks while leading hooks are comparatively less.
Trailing hooks are also known as major hooks, while leading hooks are known as minor hooks.

What should do for better performance of drawframe:
Always keep a watch on humidity and temperature as it affects the working.
Keep a watch on stop motions and ensure that no singles or doubles are fed to drafting. Ensure machine stopping before a broken sliver entering drafting zone.
Verify the trumpets size as per the hank, and ensure in good condition.
Keep a watch on the surface of the top rollers and pressure on top rollers.